ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Dated Chinese Porcelain</TITLE> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="css_markspages.css" > <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> <!-- BODY { background: #FFFCF2 url(graphics/pergam.jpg); } body { margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 50px; margin-bottom: 100px; margin-left: 50px; } P.small {font-size: xx-small;} H1 { color:#525a71;; font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: center; } H2 { color: #525a71; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; } H3 { font-weight: bold; font-size: 14pt; } H3, H4, H5 { color:#525a71; font-family: Verdana, aldine, helvetica, sans-serif; padding-top: 18px;} P, B, LI, UL, OL, TD, TH{ color:#212F3F; font-family: Verdana, aldine, helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; } B {font-weight: bold;} A:link {color:#525a71;text-decoration: underline} A:visited {color:#849CAD;text-decoration: none} A:hover {color:#BF0524;text-decoration: underline} A:active {color:#849CAD;text-decoration: underline} table { width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: white #ccc #ccc white; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 6px; } TH { border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: white #c0c0c0 #c0c0c0 white; padding: 6px; background-color: #d9d9d9; font-weight: BOLD; text-align: left; color:#800000; } TD { vertical-align: top; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #c0c0c0 white #c0c0c0 #c0c0c0; /* border-color: white #c0c0c0 #c0c0c0 white; */ color:#214273; background-color: white; padding: 6px; } .credit { color:#999999; font-family: Verdana, aldine, helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: 500; font-size: 7pt; text-align: justify; } --> </STYLE> </HEAD> <body onLoad="parent.frame1.location='navcolumndatedporcelain.htm'"> <!-- PAGE LOGO BEGIN --> <A TARGET="_top" HREF="../index.htm"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/gbg_com.gif" HEIGHT="70" WIDTH="245" BORDER="0" ALT="Gotheborg.com - The Antique Chinese Porcelain Collectors Page"> </A> <!-- PAGE LOGO END --> <H3><A name="introduction">Dated Chinese Porcelain</A></H3> <P>This is a list of Chinese porcelain with dates in their inscriptions. Most dates in the inscriptions are given as Chinese cyclical dates which are repeated every 60th years. Without a reference to the reigning emperor, it is possible to by mistake move the piece 60 years back or forward in time. <P>The modernization of China by scholars, teachers and students alike started in late Guangxu (1875-1908) period, around 1900, along with Dr Sun's revolution. As of January 1, 1912 the Gregorian calendar was adopted by the nascent Republic of China for official business. The status of the Gregorian calendar between about 1916 and 1921 while China was controlled by several competing warlords is uncertain. From about 1921 until 1928 warlords continued to control northern China. Kuomintang who controlled the south of China, probably used the Gregorian calendar. <P>The 10th of October 1928 the <I>Kuomintang</I> declared a reconstituted Republic of China and also decreed that as of 1th January 1929 everyone must use the Gregorian calendar. The earliest example I have so far on the practice of dating porcelain after the Gregorian calendar is from April that very same year, <A HREF="#1929">1929</A>, in very small characters. <P>During the Kuomintang period dates also occurs as numbered years of their Republic, from 1929, regarding this as year one. A date as the 29th year of the Republic as in mark #645 should thus indicate 1912 plus 29 years, or <A HREF="#1941">1941</A>. When the Communists gained control of mainland China the 1st of October 1949, they simply continued using the Gregorian calendar, but now numbered the years in the Western manner, beginning with 1949. <p><A NAME="tongzhi"></A> <!-- Tongzhi --> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">Tongzhi (1862-1874) period</TH> </TR> <!-- 1873 --> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1873 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="bild/998_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/998.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="167" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>998. Hat stand with pierced walls. Dated in the calligraphic inscription to the <I>gui you</I> year, i.e. 1873. Hand written base mark in iron red <I>Qi yuan shi zhi</I> meaning "Qi yuan shi made". <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/998_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A><BR> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <p><A NAME="guangxu"></A> <!-- Guangxu --> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">Guangxu (1875-1908) period</TH> </TR> <!-- 1878 --> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1878 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/648_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/648.jpg" BORDER="0" HEIGHT="100"></A></TD> <TD>648. Square vase with elephant's heads handles. Undulating glaze - special dull enamels of a kind of their own. Rough foot rim. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/648_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1882 --> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1882 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/844_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/844.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="76" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>844. Vase with <I>Qianjiang</I> style decoration. Landscape; main colours in pale red, lake green and blue; direct applications of enamels. The Painter's calligraphy acknowledging his painting style and inspiration from Ni Zan, Huang Gongwang's Qianjiang painting friend. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/844_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1884 --> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1884 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR><A NAME="988"> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/988_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/988.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="271" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Fang Jia Zhen</I><BR> Mark: <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I></p></td> <TD>988. Narcissus bowl. Signed by: <I>Fang Jia Zhen</I>, Stamped base mark: <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> "Tongzhi period make". Dated to the <I>jia shen</I> year (1884). For a cup with the same signature, see <A HREF="#1904">#1024</A> (1904). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/988_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1885 --> <TR><A NAME="1885"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1885 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/992_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/992.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="72" BORDER="0"></A> <P class="small">Signed by: <I>Wang Zhau Li</I></p> </TD> <TD> 992. Small vase. No mark. Dated in the inscription to "<I>yi you</I>" meaning 1885, signed </I>Wang Zhau Li</I>. Height 9 cm. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/992_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1887 --> <TR><A NAME="1887"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1887 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/408_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/408.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> <P class="small">Signed by: <I>Li Yan Qing</I></p></td> <TD>408. Narcissus pot, dated 1887. The four character mark on the base reads <I>Guangxu Nian Zao</I> (1875-1908). Qiangjing Cai (enamels), text characters on the sides reads <I>Painted by <I>Li Yan Qing</I> (in) <I>Ding Hai</I> year</I> (1887). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/408_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A><BR> <A HREF="bild/408_scan1.jpg">Text scan 1</A><BR> <A HREF="bild/408_scan2.jpg">Text scan 2</A><BR> <A HREF="bild/408_scan3.jpg">Text scan 3</A><BR> <br> <br> Donated to Gotheborg.com reference collection by <A HREF="../qa/canada.shtml">Hans H M&uuml;ller</A> in 2002.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/621_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/621.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Sheng Men</I></p></TD> <TD>621. Vase, dated 1887. Painted by <I>Sheng Men</I> (1887). Mark: <I>Guangxu Nian Zhi</I> (1875-1908). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/621_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1025_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1025.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="72" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>621. Vase, dated <I>Ding Hai</I> year meaning, 1887. No base mark. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1025_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1888 --> <TR><A NAME="1888"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1888 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/757_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/757.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Li Dao Ren Zuo (Sheng Men)</I></p> </TD> <TD>757. Narcissus bowl. Inscription "Finding pleasure while sailing among the red trees and the green hills"<BR> <I>Wu Ji Qiu Rou</I> - "Wi Ji (1888) Autumn Months". Signed: <I>Li Dao Ren Zuo (Cheng Men). <P>Red mark seal: <I>Song Sheng</I>. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/757_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1021_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1021.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1021. Hat stand, height 28 cm. Dated to the <I>wu zi</I> year in the inscription, matching the western date 1888. On the base a stamped square iron red mark <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> meaning "Great Qing Tongzhi Period Make". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1021_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1147_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1147.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="143" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1147. Hat stand. Decorated with a swallow. Dated to the <I>wu zi</I> year (1888) in the inscription. Unclear/illegible stamped mark on the base, possibly six character <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> meaning "Qing Dynasty Tongzhi Period Make". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1147_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1081_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1081.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="271" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1081. Wine warmer. Dated to the <I>wu zi</I> year in the inscription, matching the western date 1888. On the base a stamped square iron red mark <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> meaning "Tongzhi Period Make". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1081_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1026_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1026.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="42" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1026. Large square vase. Dated to the <I>wu zi</I> year in the inscription, matching the western date 1888. No base mark. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1026_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1120_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1120.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="192" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1120. Teapot. Dated to the <I>wu zi</I> year (1888) in the inscription. No base mark. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1120_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a> <br> <br>Ian Parker Collection.</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1889 --> <TR><A NAME="1889"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1889 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1036_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1036.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Zhu Shao Quan</I></p></TD> <TD>1036. Planter, dated 1889. The calligraphy sides shows, on one side a poem about peonies, and on the other red calligraphy work in ancient script, and in black the Chinese year date for the planter, which is the <I>Jichou</I> year 1889. There is also a seal signature for the artist <I>Shao Quan</I> <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1036_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1187_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1187.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Bin Mao</I></p></TD> <TD>1187. Bowl with lobed sides, dated <I>ji chou</I> in the inscription matching 1889. Red stamped mark <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> on the base. Text in general translation by David Lane: <BR> <I>shi zai, ji chou, zhongdong, shu yu, Lu Jiang, Zhu Shan, (X) ci, Bin Mao, ti [red seal]</I> At the time of the <I>ji chou</I> year (1899)<BR> in the 11th moon, the second month of winter<BR> written near the River Lu and the Pearl Mountain<BR> 'X'th time<BR> Bin Mao (name)<BR> Written by<BR> [seal]<BR> <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1187_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1890 --> <TR><A NAME="1890"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1890 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1018_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1018.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="137" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1018. Square vase with moulded ears. Dated to the <I>geng yin</I> year (1890) in the calligraphy. Underglaze blue mark <I>Da Qing Qianlong Nian Zhi</I> meaning "Great Qing Qianlong Period Make". Height 15 cm. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1018_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1005_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1005.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="180" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1005. Vase with elephant's trunk handles. Dated to the <I>geng yin</I> year (1890) in the calligraphy. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> meaning "Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace". Height 10 cm. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1005_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1115_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1115.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="122" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1115. Quite large lidded bowl 'Kamcheng', but missing its lid. No mark, cut footrim, dated in the inscription to the <I>geng yin</I> year (1890). Decoration mostly unchanged 12 years later as in <A href="#1902">1111</a>. Width, diam. 17 cm, Height bottom section as on the picture 4 3/4" (12 cm). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1115_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br> <br>Gotheborg.com reference collection.</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1891 --> <TR><A NAME="1891"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1891 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/987_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/987.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="200" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>987. Bowl with Quails on rocks, dated 1891. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/987_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1013_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1013.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="174" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Gao Xin Tian</I></p></TD> <TD>1013. Square brush holder. height 8.5 cm. Dated in the inscription to the <I>xin mao</I> year, matching the western year of 1891. On tha base a reversed stamped <I>Guangxi Nian Zhi</I> seal mark in iron red. Decoration in <I>Wang Ye Ting</I> style, but signed by <I>Gao Xin Tian</I>. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1013_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1199_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1199.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="213" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </TD> <TD>1199. Tea pot. Dated in the inscription to the <I>xin mao</I> (1891) year. On tha base a stamped 'Tongzhi Nian Zhi' seal mark in iron red. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1199_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1892 --> <TR><A NAME="1892"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1892 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/671_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/671.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>671. Three lobed bowl, with calligraphy in dull black enamel "<I>Flowers dancing in the breeze, Spring arrives, birds find their tunes</I>", dated "1892". Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/671_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/993_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/993.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="213" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>993. Bowl, dated "1892". Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/671_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1155_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1155.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="161" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by artist: <I>Yu Chung</I> painted</p></TD> <TD>1155. Six sided hatstand, dated in the calligraphy to the <I>ren chen</I> year (1892). Height 28 cm. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). Signed by the artist: <I>Yu Chung</I> painted. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1155_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/672_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/672.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>672. Brush holder, with decoration in <I>Qianjiang cai</I> style of decoration, nice painting and calligraphy in dull black enamel, dated "1892". Mark: <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> - "Tongzhi period made", but <I>Guangxu</I> period. <P>Poem loosely translated:<BR> <I>Under water, how deep could affection reach?<BR> Among the flowers, I found my freedom and joy.</I> <P>Poem signed by "<I>Tse Min</I>". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/672_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1008_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1008.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="160" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1008. Vase, dated in the calligraphy to the <I>ren chen</I> year = 1892. On the base a double ring in underglaze blue; no mark. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1008_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1003_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1003.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="153" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1003. Vase, dated in the inscription to the <I>ren chen</I> year = 1892. On the base a stamped square iron red mark <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> meaning "Great Qing Tongzhi Period Make". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1003_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1019_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1019.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="156" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1019. Square Vase, dated in the calligraphy to the <I>ren chen</I> year = 1892. Height 27 cm. On the base a stamped square iron red mark <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> meaning "Great Qing Tongzhi Period Make". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1019_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1893 --> <TR><A NAME="1893"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1893 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1106_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1106.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="181" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1106. Hatstands. Two, with mirrored decoration. Both has the same general text saying wealthy life blessed by the peonies. The practice on signing porcelain seems to be that the painter usually only signed date and name on one piece of a pair. On the bases of both a very faint mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). Dated in the calligraphy of one of the hat stands, to the <I>gui si</I> year, or 1893. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1106_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <P><br>Gotheborg.com reference collection.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1010_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1010.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="235" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1010. Bowl. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). Dated in the calligraphy to the <I>gui si</I> year, 1893. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1010_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1127_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1127.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="202" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1127. Brush pot. Mark: mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). Dated to the <I>gui si</I> year (1893) <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1127_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1031_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1031.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="160" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1010. Hatstand. Red base mark <I>Tongzhi</I>. Dated in the calligraphy to the <I>gui si</I> year, or 1893. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1031_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/661_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/661.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>661. Vase. Mark: <I>Da Qing Guangxu Nian Zhi</I> (1875-1908), Dated to the <I>gui si</I> year, 1893, which matches with the Guangxu period. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/661_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1894 --> <TR><A NAME="1894"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1894 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/997_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/997.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="268" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Mark: <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace)<BR> Signed by: <I>Lei Guang Heng</I></p></TD> <TD>997. Vase. Dated in the inscription to the <I>jia wu</I> year (1894). Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). <I>Qianjiang</I> decoration. Height 29.5 cm (11 5/8 inch.) <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/997_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br>Gotheborg.com reference collection.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1125_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1125.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="164" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Mei Chun Mao</I><BR> Mark: <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace)</p></TD> <TD>1125. Vase with elephant's trunk handles. Dated in the inscription to the <I>jia wu</I> year (1894). Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). In 1905 <I>Mei Chun Mao</I> occurs on a pieces with a stamped <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> mark, see <A HREF="#1905">1905</A> <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1125_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/835_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/835.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="166" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Zhou Da He</I></p> </TD> <TD>835. Pair of vases with mirrored decoration. No marks. Signed by: <I>Zhou Da He</I> and dated in the inscription to the <I>jia wu</I> year (1894). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/835_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br>Gotheborg.com reference collection.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1119_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1119.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="175" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Bao Wen</I></p></TD> <TD>1119. Teapot. Signed by: <I>Bao Wen</I> and dated in the inscription to the <I>jia wu</I> year (1894). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1119_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1175_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1175.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="149" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </TD> <TD>1175. Soap box. Dated in the inscription to the <I>jia wu</I> year (1894). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1175_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1173_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1173.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="181" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1173. Dish. The decoration is of two five clawed dragons around the 'five happinesses' (wu fu) in the center and on the underside of the rim - three happinesses. In Chinese Porcelain of the 20th Century van Oort says that "[in 1894] every high official in the Empire had been invited to contribute twenty-five per cent of his salary as a birthday gift to Her Majesty ... however I have not been able to trace in the history of the Qing dynasty any mention of an official decree ordering porcelain to be made in Jingdezhen for that occasion". The quality of this dish is good and fits well with an actual date of production to the last years of the 19th century Base mark is <I>Guangxu period 'jia wu' (1894) year make.</I> The porcelain made for Cixi for her 50th birthday in 1885 carries the mark <I>Chuxiu Gong zhi</I> and resemble Kangxi wares in design. Aside from the <I>Dayazhai</I> wares are those the only pieces that we know are directly associated with her. She was born November 29th, 1835 and died November 15th, 1908. Why a date of 1894 is indeed her 59th birthday, her Chinese age would be 60. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1173_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1895 --> <TR><A NAME="1895"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1895 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/604_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/604.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>604. Kamcheng pot, dated <I> Yi Wei Nian </I> (1895) <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/604_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/674_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/674.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>674. Square vase, dated <I>Yi Wei Nian</I> (1895). On one side a scholar, on the other side a "White head Granny and Peony" decoration, which generally could be translated to a wish for "family success, wealth, prosperity and old age". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/674_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/686_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/686.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Qing Shu</I></p></TD> <TD>686. Bowl. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). Dated mid summer 1895. Inscription reads <I>Shi Zai (at the time of) Yi Wei (matching year 1895) Zhong Qiu (mid summer) Qing Shu (Artist name).</I> <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/686_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/825_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/825.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> </TD> <TD>825. Mark: <I>Tungzhi</I> - "Tungzhi (Period Made)". <I>Qianjiang</I> enamels, dated the years of <I>Yi Wei</I> = 1895. <P> <A HREF="bild/825_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A><BR> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1896 --> <TR><A NAME="1896"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1896 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">In 1898 Guangxu exerted his power as emperor and implemented the "100 Days' Reform" why <I>Cixi</I> promptly slapped him down confining him to his palace and took power as regent. </TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/517_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/517.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Xiao Shan</I></p></TD> <TD>517. <I>Bing Shen Qiu Rou</I> - "Bing Shen (Year) Autumn Month". Most likely year matching "Bing Shen" are 1896. <I>Xiao Shan Zuo</I> - Xiao Shan ( Artist's name ) Painted. <BR> Base red mark : <I>Gao Bo Sheng Hao</I> - Gao Bo Sheng Company. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/517_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <P>This item is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection. <BR> Ex. N K Koh Collection. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1225_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1225.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="227" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </TD> <TD>1225. Teapot. Signed in the inscription to the <I>Bing Shen</I> year, probably meaning 1896. Stamped mark in red enamels: <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1225_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1898 --> <TR><A NAME="1898"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1898 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1108_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1108.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1108. Brushpot, dated <I>wu xu</I> year, in the calligraphy, matching western date is 1898. <I>Qianjiang</I> decoration. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1108_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1164_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1164.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="150" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1164. Hat stand, dated <I>wu xu</I> year, in the calligraphy, matching western date is 1898. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1164_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br> <br> Gotheborg.com reference collection, 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1113_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1113.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="159" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Dai xxx</I></p></TD> <TD>1113. Hatstand, dated <I>wu xu</I> year, in the calligraphy, matching western date is 1898. Red base mark <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I>. The text is a rather sloppy cursive that starts off talking about the pure and elegant etc pleasures of collecting antiques. following the date it gives a place of manufacture that is not quite clear to me--something mountain something in Changpu? Last is the name of the calligrapher, surname Dai, not sure of given name. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1113_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <P>Translation curtesy of David Lane </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1899 --> <TR><A NAME="1899"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1899 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/996_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/996.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>996. Bowl, dated <I>ji hai</I> in the calligraphy, matching western date is 1899. <I>Qianjiang</I> decoration. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/757_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1161_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1161.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="151" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1161. Hatstand, dated in the calligraphy <I>ji hai</I> year (1899). Stamped red base mark <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I>. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1161_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <br> <br> Gotheborg.com Reference Coll. 2006 </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1188_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1188.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="243" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1188. Large vase, dated in the calligraphy to the <I>ji hai</I> year (1899). Green enameled base with no mark. Height of vase 24 inches / 61 cm. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1188_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <br> <br> Gotheborg.com Reference Coll. 2007 </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1224_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1224.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="243" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1224. Bowl, dated in the calligraphy to the <I>ji hai</I> year (1899). Base mark: stamped dark red mark <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I>. Diameter 4 1/4 inches / 10.8 cm. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1224_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <br> <br> Gotheborg.com Reference Coll. 2007 </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1900 --> <TR><A NAME="1900"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1900 </B> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1148_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1148.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="234" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1148. Bowl, dated <I>geng xi</I> (1900) in the calligraphy. <I>Qianjiang</I> decoration. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/757_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <br> <br> Gotheborg.com Reference Coll. 2006 </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1901 --> <TR><A NAME="1901"></A><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"><B>1901 (27th year Guangxu reign)</B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><I>Ke Fengshi</I>, Governor of Jiangxi submitted a memorial to the throne proposing to set up a porcelain company under the Qing court.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1006_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1006.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="184" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1006. Lidded jar, dated to the <I>xin chou</I> year in the calligraphy, matching western date is 1901. Red stamped four character <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> (Tongzhi year make) base mark. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1006_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <P>This item is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection by William Turnbull, Canada, 2004. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1009_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1009.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="163" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed and seal: <I>Gao Hen Sen</I></p></TD> <TD>1009. Hat stand, dated to the <I>xin chou</I> year in the calligraphy, matching western date is 1901. Red stamped four character base mark <I>Gao Hen Sen</I>, probably the artist's mark as it bears the name of the artist. The name also appears as the last line of the poem. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1009_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1176_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1176.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="227" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1176. Teapot, dated to the <I>xin chou</I> year in the calligraphy, matching western date is 1901. Red stamped four character base mark <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I>. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1176_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1902 --> <TR><A NAME="1902"></A><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"><B>1902 (28th year Guangxu reign)</B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Inauguration of the <I>Porcelain Company</I>.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/653_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/653.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>653. Vase, dated 1902. Red plus green Fu dog. Stamped <I>Tongzhi</I> mark. White glossy foot rim with brown grit stains. Calligraphy in a grayish black soft enamel. Black enamels of green dog under a clear green glaze. Thin redish rim border dressing. Putty colored porcelain. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/653_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1002_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1002.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="203" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1002. Jar. Height 7 cm, diameter 7.5 cm. Fire support marks on the flat base. No base mark. Dated in the decoration as <I>ren yin</I>, representing '1902'. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1002_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1098_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1098.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="248" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1098. Tea pot. Decorated in a combination of underglaze blue and enamels. Dated in the decoration as <I>ren yin</I>, representing '1902'. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1098_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1111_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1111.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="177" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed and seal: <I>Guo Heng Sheng</I></p></TD> <TD>1111. Covered jar. Iron red seal mark on the base: <I>Gao Heng Sang Zhi</I>. Height 9.5 cm. Decorated in enamels. Dated in the decoration as <I>ren yin</I>, representing '1902'. The red seal mark on the base says "Gao" (high/tall), "Heng" (constant, enduring, everlasting), "hua??" (painted). "Hua" might be a bit of a stretch too. Signature in the inscription "Gao Heng Sheng Zuo" (made). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1098_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1114_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1114.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="216" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1114. Plate with light-brown rim. Thickly applied enamels with a bird perching at the stalk of flowering sprays of hydrangea, inscription with a cyclic date <I>ren yin</I> (1902) year and a red seal. On the undecorated reverse an iron-red four-character mark (<I>Guan yao nei zao</I> Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace) to the base, sand adhesion to the foot rim, pinholes and drops of glaze stuck to the reverse. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1114_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1126_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1126.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="95" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1126. Vase. Inscription with a cyclic date <I>ren yin</I> year (1902). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1126_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1170_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1170.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="274" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1170. Serving dish. Base mark in red: <I>Guangxu Nian Zhi</I> - "Guangxu (1875-1908) period make". Inscription with a cyclic date <I>ren yin</I> year, (1902). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1170_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A><BR> Gotheborg.com Referece Collection 2006</p></TD> </TR> <!-- 1903 --> <TR><A NAME="1903"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B>1903 (29th year Guangxu reign)</B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Samples of machine-made porcelain based on Western prototypes presented to the Qing court by the Porcelain Company.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/660_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/660.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>660. Small vase with elephant handles, with long snoozles. Calligraphy in dull black enamel, dated 1903. The yellow bird is probably "The Great Spring Scholar" which singing signals the arrival of Spring. Red base mark <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> (Imperial Kiln for Inner Palace) same as #671 <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/660_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/995_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/995.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="195" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>995. Ginger jar with glazed opening. Height 13 cm. No mark on base. Dated in the decoration to the <I>gui mao</I> year (1903). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/995_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1001_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1001.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="236" BORDER="0"></A><BR> <FONT SIZE ="1">Seal: <I>Wang You Tang</I></TD> <TD>1001. Bowl. Diameter 8 cm. Stamped base mark: <I>Wang You Tang Zuo</I>. Wang was a quailty and deligent porcelain painter, he made many pieces, some very good. Dated in the decoration to the <I>gui mao</I> year (1903). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1001_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1017_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1017.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="108" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1017. Vase. Dated in the decoration to the <I>gui mao</I> year (1903). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1017_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1197_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1197.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="212" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by artist: Drawing by <I>Zhang Yi Tai</I></p></TD> </TD> <TD>1197. Tea pot. Mark: "<I>Zhang Yi Tai Hui</I>", or Drawing by <I>Zhang Yi Tai</I>. Dated in the decoration to the <I>gui mao</I> year (1903). In Straits Chinese porcelain Zhen Yi Tai is a common mark. <I>Zhang Yi</I> probably signifies the name of a company (Tai). A number of old businesses in San Francisco Chinatown have this same <I>tai</I> character as the last one in a three-character name, for example "Jiu Jong Tai," "Fa Ming Tai," "Guang Xing Tai," etc. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1197_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <!-- 1904 --> <TR><A NAME="1904"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1904 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/829_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/829.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="244" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>829. Teapot. Poetry "the blinds (curtains) reflects the Beauty's face", Dated to the :<I>jia chen</I> year meaning 1904. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/829_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR><A NAME="1884"> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1024_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1024.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="192" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Fang Jia Zhen</I><BR> Mark: <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I></p></TD> <TD>1024. Mug with handle. Height 10 cm, diameter 10 cm. Base mark: <I>Da Qing Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I>, Dated to the :<I>jia chen</I> year meaing 1904. For a shallow bowl with the same signature, see <A HREF="#1884">#988</A> (1884). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/829_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1905 --> <TR><A NAME="1905"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1905 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/47_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/47.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>47. Vase, dated 1905. Mark: <I>Guangxu Nian Zhi</I> (1875-1908). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/47_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/957_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/957.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="162" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>957. Vase. Top right third and forth character are <I>yi si</I> which equals the year 1905. Illegible base mark very blurred but possible: <I>Guangxu Nian Zhi</I> (1875-1908). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/957_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1015_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1015.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="155" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1015. Square brush pot, height 9 cm / 3.5". Dated in the inscription to <I>yi si</I> which equals the year 1905. Illegible iron red four character base mark in a square frame. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1015_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/832_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/832.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Jin Shao Zhai</I></p> </TD> <TD>832. Brush pot for Chinese painting, 1905. The verses saying something in the line of: Dreaming of a country house, in the green forest. Signed by the artist: <I>Jin Shao Zhai</I>. Dated in the calligraphy to the <I>Yi si</I> year, 1905. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/832_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> Gotheborg.com Referece Collection</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1079_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1079.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="174" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed and seal: <I>Lou Chun Mao</I><BR> Mark: <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I></p> </TD> <TD>1079. Hatstand, Calligraphy: "Admiring the old for benefit in the future, Mr <I>Luo Chun Mao</I> made, (plus his seal), Winter of the <I>Yi Si</I> year (1905). In 1894 <I>Mei Chun Mao</I> occurs on a pieces with a <I>Guan yao nei zao</I> mark, see <A HREF="#1894">1894</A> <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1079_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> Gotheborg.com Reference Collection</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1158_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1158.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="254" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </TD> <TD>1158. Stemcup, dated in the calligraphy <I>Yi Si</I> year (1905). No base mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1158_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> Gotheborg.com Reference Collection 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1906 --> <TR><A NAME="1906"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1906 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/bing_wu_1906_3_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/bing_wu_1906_3.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1102. Tea pot with lid, decorated in red, green and black enamels of a Buddhist lion (fu dog), dated in the decorative calligraphy to the bing wu year (1906). Mark: <I>JINGDEZHEN LU' GUANG SHU`N ZA`O</I> meaning: "Jingdezhen <i>Lu Guang Shun</i> Make" <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/bing_wu_1906_3_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1102_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1102.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1102. Lidded tea cup set with stand, underglaze blue and white decoration, signed date is <I>Ping Wu Nian</I>, 1906. Mark: <I></I> meaning: "Precious collection of gold and jade" <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1102_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1103_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1103.jpg" WIDTH="110" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1103. Large Vase with the year <I>Wu Nian</I>, 1906, in the inscription. No mark: <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1103_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1104_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1104.jpg" WIDTH="75" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1104. Square dish with the year <I>Wu Nian</I>, 1906, in the inscription. No mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1104_fullsize.jpg" <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1907 --> <TR><A NAME="1907"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B>1907 (33th year Guangxu reign)</B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><I>Duan Fang</I>, Governor-general of Jiangsu and Zhejiang submitted a memorial to the throne on the change of the Porcelain Company from merchant run on government-supervised terms to entirely merchant-run terms, and was renamed the Commercial Porcelain Company of Jiangxi Limited, which managed also the imperial kilns.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/531_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/531.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>531. Vase, dated <I>ding wei</I> 1907. No mark. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/531_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1012_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1012.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="158" BORDER="0"></A><BR> <FONT SIZE ="1">Seal on base: <I>Yue Zhi Ming</I> </TD> <TD>1012. Vase, dated <I>ding wei</I> 1907. Red seal mark on the base, signed by the personal seal of <I>Yue Zhi Ming</I> <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1012_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1117_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1117.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="206" BORDER="0"></A><BR> <FONT SIZE ="1">Seal on base: <I>Tai Yue Shing</I> </TD> <TD>1117. Vase, dated <I>ding wei</I> 1907. Red seal mark on the base of the artist <I>Tai Yue Shing Made</I>. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1117_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1156_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1156.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="214" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1156. Vase, dated to the <I>ding wei</I> year (1907) in the inscription. Blurred red seal mark on the base, probably <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> "Tongzhi period make". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1156_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1908 --> <TR><A NAME="1908"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1908 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/663_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/663.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>663. Hair's oil jar. Dated to the <I>wu shen</I> year, 1908. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/663_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1109_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1109.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="153" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1109. Vase. Height 9"/22.6 cm. Dated to the <I>wu shen</I> year, 1908. On the base a square stamped four character mark; <I>Tongxhi Nian Zhi</I> <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1109_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</p></A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <!-- Xuantong --> <P><A NAME="xuantong"></A> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">Xuantong (1909-11) period</TH> </TR> <!-- 1909 --> <TR><A NAME="1909"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B>1909 (1st year Xuantong reign)</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Jingdezhen Chamber-general of Commerce was established.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/755_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/755.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="245" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Jiang Yong Sheng</I></p> </TD> <TD>755. 'Peace and riches' vase. <I>Ti kai, er shu hua, ji you xia yue shu yu jiang you, Jiang yong sheng zuo.</I> The bird's call make the flowers bloom. Drawn beside the river Jiang, in the summer months of the 'Ji You' year (1909), by 'Jiang Yong Sheng'. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/755_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/113_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/113.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="162" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>113. <I>Yi Xing Long Zhu</I> - "Yi Xing Long" Factory Made. <I>Fencai</I> enamels. Dated 1909. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/113_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/754_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/754.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="170" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Jiang Yong Sheng</I>(Made by; <I>Zhang Yi Tai</I>)</p> </TD> <TD>754. Mark: <I>Tongzhi Nian Zhi</I> - "Tongzhi Period Made". According to the caligraphy this was made by <I>Cheung Wen-tai</I> in the winter of 1909. The meaning of the calligraphy is to congratulate people on a bright and promising career etc., maybe a promotion. <P>The inscription reads and means: <I>Tai shi sheng dian, shao bao zun rong</I> - "The assistant is honored when the master is enpowered". (<I>Tai shi</I> is the title of a high ranking official or teacher to the future emperor, while <I>Shao bao</I> is an assistant) <I>Ji you zhong dong yue</I> - "<I>ji you</I> year (1909), month of mid winter". <I>Zhang yi tai zuo</I> - "Made by Zhang Yi Tai" <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/754_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p><BR> <A HREF="bild/754_caligraphy.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here for a close-up of the caligraphy</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1130_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1130.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="159" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1130. Vase. Height 17.25 inches (44 cm). Dated in the inscription to the <I>ji you</I> year (1909). Iron red mark stamp under the base. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1130_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1203_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1203.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="119" BORDER="0"> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Zhang Jianxiang</I></A></p> </TD> <TD>1203. Vase. Verse direct translation is "prosperity/wealthy and grey hair". The bird symbolize wealth and longevity. Made in the <I>ji you</I> year (1909) by <I>Zhang Jianxiang</I>. No mark. Height 18 inches (c. 46 cm). Decoration in the style of silk paintings signed by the Empress Dowager <I>Cixi</I>. Apparently these paintings were all the rage in the Qing courts. Most of the concubines including <I>Cixi</I> spent their free time learning and painting these flowers and also birds. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1203_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <!-- 1910 --> <TR><A NAME="1910"></A><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"><B>1910 (2nd year Xuantong reign)</B></TD></TR> <TR><TD colspan="2">Petition to the Ministry of Education to establish the China Pottery Manufacture School, later renamed the Jiangxi Provincial Ceramic Vocational School. </TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1320_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1320.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="250" BORDER="0"> </A> </TD> <TD>1320. Large dish. Dated to the <I>geng xu</I> year (1910) dong (winter). Diam 14 inches / 34.5 cm. No mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1320_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</a> <br><br> This item is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection by Edward Boyle, 2010. </p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/640_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/640.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></TD> <TD>640. <I>Alice och James Keiller Canton 1910</I> <I>Fencai</I> enamels. Dated 1910. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/640_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/659_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/659.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></TD> <TD>659. Vase with engraved decoration. Brown dressed dog's heads handles. Dated 1910. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/659_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <!-- 1911 --> <TR><A NAME="1911"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1911 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">The Qing dynasty is overthrown in 1911.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/652_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/652.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>652. Blue and white flower pot. Dated to the <I>xin hai</I> year in the calligraphy (1911). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/652_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1154_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1154.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1154. Small liondog decorated vase with an innovative shape, typical of the period. On the base a factory mark of the period <I>Tong Sang Tai Made</I>. Dated to the <I>xin hai</I> year in the calligraphy (1911). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1154_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <!-- Republic --> <P><A NAME="republic"></A> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">Republic (1912-49) period</TH> </TR> <!-- 1912 --> <TR><A NAME="1912"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1912 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Jingdezhen Research Society of the Art of Porcelain was established in 1912.</TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"> The last emperor, <I>Pu-yi</I> with the reign title <I>Xuantong</I>, abdicated officially on February 12, 1912. However, that same day, the Republic of China granted <I>Pu-yi</I> to retain his imperial title. This was revised November 5, 1924 after the coup by General <I>Feng Yuxiang</I> making Pu-yi a regular citizen of the Republic of China and the same day expelling him from the Forbidden City. Thus, <I>Pu-yi</I> was ruling emperor until February 12, 1912 (and also briefly between July 1 and July 12, 1917), and non-ruling emperor between February 12, 1912 and November 5, 1924. In 1932-1934 <I>Pu-yi</I> was put in place as the leader of the Japanese-controlled Manchukuo under the reign name <I>Datong</I> (??) and in 1934-1945 made 'emperor' of the same region under the reign name Kangde (??).</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/654_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/654.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>654. Lidded food bowl. Soft colored enamels. Grayish calligraphi. Burnt red base and foot rim. Dated 1912. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/654_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1028_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1028.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="208" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1028. Jar. Grayish calligraphi. Burnt red base and foot rim. Dated in the worn calligraphy to the ren <I>zi year</I> i.e. 1912. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1028_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1020_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1020.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1020. Large vase. No base mark. Dated in the calligraphy to the <I>ren zi</I> year meaning 1912. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1020_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1014_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1014.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="155" BORDER="0"></A> <p class="small">Signed by: <I>Zhou Xiao Song</I><BR> Base mark: <I>Zhou Xiao Song</I> (name) <I>Zhi</I> (made)</p> </TD> <TD>1014. Vase. Dated to the <I>ren zi</I> year (1912). Square iron red seal mark on the base <I>Zhou Xiao Song Zhi</I>, and signed by <I>Zhou Xiao Song</I> in the calligraphy. The poem is a duplet, i.e. made up of two sentences with seven words each, reading: <P><I>" Gu yan bu rong liu su mo; <BR> Qing ping sui yi cha xin hua" </I> <P>Meaning <BR> "The old ink-stone allows not ink that stays overnight; <BR> The simple vase holds fresh flowers freely placed." <P>The poem is identical with that on the vase #1011. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/654_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1183_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1183.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="187" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1183. Large vase or hat stand. No base mark. Dated in the calligraphy to the <I>ren zi</I> year meaning 1912. Illustrated as a comparison is a <I>undated</I> vase. marked with a stamped red 'Guangxu Nian Zhi' mark, which potting is a little thicker and have more evident rings on the inside of the foot rim. In my opinion the date is correct and the Guangxu mark is applied with a stamp to this vase 4 years after the Guangxu period has ended. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1183_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <!-- 1913 --> <TR><A NAME="1913"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1913 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1007_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1007.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="223" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1007. Bowl decorated with enamels and gilt. Red base seal mark. Dated in the calligraphy to the 'gui chou' year (1913). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1007_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1011_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1011.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="109" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1011. Vase decorated with enamels and gilt. No base mark. Dated in the calligraphy to the 'gui chou' year (1913). The poem is a duplet, i.e. made up of two sentences with seven words each, reading: <P> <I>" Gu yan bu rong liu su mo; <BR> Qing ping sui yi cha xin hua" </I> <P>Meaning <BR> "The old ink-stone allows not ink that stays overnight; <BR> The simple vase holds fresh flowers freely placed." <P>The poem is identical with that on the vase #1014. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1011_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1053_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1053.jpg" HEIGHT="100" width="109" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1053. Republic of China Anniversary Brush Holder. A Famille rose Brush pot special made for Republic of China s 2nd year Anniversary, dated year <I>gui chou</I> corresponding to 1913. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1053_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p>. </TD> </TR> <!-- 1914 --> <TR><A NAME="1914"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1914 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/102_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/102.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>102. Mark: <I>Li Xie Xing Zao</I> - "Li Xie Xing" Factory Made. Dated 1914. <P class="small"> The second part of the text contains the words <I>Jia Yin Nian</I> - matching year 1914. The birds common Chinese name is "White head Granny" and the flower is of course Peony, which stands for prosperity. Caption is: "Prosperity to the old age". Unmistakably Jiangxi quality, either Jingdezhen or Nanchang . Set of several bowls: Bird: "White head Granny" (Prosperity till eternity). Bowl 2: Yellow bird - "The Great Spring Scholar", Caption refers to the fantastic singing of this yellow bird. In the quiet Chinese villages, after a long snowy winter, her rapid singing signaling the arrival of Spring is sheer joy. Bowl 3 - The flaming/glorious blossom. Peony is here a metaphor for family success and wealth. The date carries all the characteristic of the period : Two years into the republic periond, the warlords are still fighting but the bright enamels, the hue of the white glaze and the hasty fluent painting reflects the desire of the potters of a better daily life. <A HREF="bild/102_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1227_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1227.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="92" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </p> </TD> <TD> 1227. Lidded jar. Dated in the inscription to the <I>jia yin</I> year (1914). No mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1227_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br>Gotheborg.com reference collection, 2007. </p></TD> </TR> <!-- 1915 --> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"><B>1915</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><I>Yuan Shikai</I> restored monarchism under the reign title of <I>Hongxian</I> and appointed <I>Guo Baochang</I> Superintendent of Pottery Works to supervise the manufacture of <I>Hongxian</I> ware in Jingdezhen. </TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1153_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1153.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="211" BORDER="0"></A><BR> Signature and mark: <I>Chen Yung Tai</I> (name) <I>Zao</I> Made</p> </TD> <TD> 1153. Tea pot. Dated in the inscription to the <I>yi mao</I> year (1915). Mark and signature in inscription: <I>Chen Yung Tai</I> (name) <I>Zao</I> Made. The decoration is of a boat in the river, "(Boat) Guest tour thousand mountains and miles with the Spring wind". <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1153_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br>Gotheborg.com reference collection, 2006. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1159_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1159.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="82" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1159. Vase with engraved decoration. Dated in the inscription to the <I>yi mao</I> year (1915). No base mark at all. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1159_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br>Gotheborg.com reference collection, 2006. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1178_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1178.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="154" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1178. Narcissus bowl. Dated in the inscription to the <I>yi mao</I> year (1915). No base mark at all. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1178_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br><br>Gotheborg.com reference collection, 2006.</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1916 --> <TR><A NAME="1916"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1916 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">In 1916 Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself the short-lived Hongxian Emperor. It was said that he ordered porcelain sets from Jingdezhen in 1915 to coincide with the inauguration of the regime. In my view all pieces actually ordered by Yuan Shikai carries the <I>Juren Tang zhi</I> mark. All porcelain crrying the <I>Hongxian nian zhi</I> are probably later.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/656_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/656.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 656. Coffe jug. Dated in the inscription as of "1916", Stamped, very blurred mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/656_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/774_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/774.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 774. Small soup bowl. Dated in the inscription as of "1916", Kangxi Nian Zhi mark, very blurred mark. "Hollow line" in the decoration. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/774_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A><br><>br This item donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection by Hans Slager, 2003.</P> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/833_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/833.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="175" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>833. Porcelain vase. The two first upright characters gives the year <I>bing chen</I> (1916). Mark: <I>Liu Jun He Zao</I> meaning: '<I>Liu Jun He</I>' Made. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/833_fullsize1.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture, vase</A><BR> <A HREF="bild/833_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture, details and mark</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1016_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1016.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="216" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1016. Small soup bowl. Dated in the inscription as of "1916". Poem signed with the same name as the factory or studio; <I> Fang Ping Tai</I> painted, and base mark <I>Fang Ping Tai Hao</I>. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1016_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1022_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1022.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="202" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1022. Lidded 'Kamcheng' soup bowl. Height with lid 18 cm, diam 19 cm. Dated in the inscription to the <I>bing chen</I> year, meaning "1916". Base mark <I>Ma Qing Yun Hua Ya Chi</I>. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1022_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1171_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1171.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="200" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1171. Vase. Dated in the inscription to the <I>bing chen</I> year, meaning "1916". <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1171_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A><BR /> Goteborg Reference Collection 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1917 --> <TR><A NAME="1917"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1917 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/530_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/530.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 530. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding si</I> year (1917), no mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/530_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1208_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1208.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 1208. Plate. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding si</I> year (1917). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1208_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/658_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/658.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 658. Square miniature vase. Clear black outlines and calligraphy. Blurred gold. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding si</I> year (1917). No base mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/658_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1121_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1121.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="217" BORDER="0"></A><BR> Jiangxi Guang Ya (name) Company</p></TD> <TD> 1121. Lidded bowl. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding si</I> year (1917). Base mark in blue enamel: <I>Jiangxi Guang Ya Gongsi</I> "Jiangxi Guang Ya (name) Company". <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1121_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <P>I P Collection </p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1151_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1151.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="94" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </p></TD> <TD> 1151. Hat stand / vase with <I>fu</I> dog decoration. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding si</I> year (1917). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1151_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <P>I P Collection </p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1222_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1222.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="246" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </p></TD> <TD> 1222. Bowl. Mark: mark is <I>Yi Ji Qi Zhen</I> (Factory mark). Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding si</I> year (1917). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1222_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1226_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1226.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="57" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </p></TD> <TD> 1226. Vase. Height 22 cm / 8.75 inches. Mark: faint square red large, illegible. (Factory mark). Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding si</I> year (1917). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1226_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference collection, 2007. </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1918 --> <TR><A NAME="1917"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1918 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1131_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1131.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="147" BORDER="0"></A><BR> </p></TD> <TD> 1131. Hat stand / vase. Square base mark in red enamel. Dated in the inscription to the <I>wu wu</I> year (1919). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1131_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1919 --> <TR><A NAME="1919"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1919 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/662_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/662.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>662. Hair's oil jar. Dated 1919. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/662_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1099_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1099.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="256" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1099. Lidded bowl. Illegible stamped iron red mark. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ji wei</I> year, meaning 1919. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1099_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1027_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1027.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="216" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1027. Lidded bowl. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ji wei</I> year, meaning 1919. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1027_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p><BR> <br>Gotheborg Reference Coll. 2005</P></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1110_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1110.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="243" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1110. Teapot. Illegible stamped iron red mark. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ji wei</I> year, meaning 1919. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1110_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a> <br> <br>Gotheborg Reference Coll. 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1920 --> <TR><A NAME="1920"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1920 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1004_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1004.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="237" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1004. Brush pot with no base mark. Dated in the inscription to the <I>geng shen</I> year, i.e. either 1860 or 1920 of which 1860 seems unlikely considering how the woman is rendered. <P> <A HREF="bild/1004_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> <FONT SIZE="1">Click here to see large picture</A><BR> <br>Gotheborg.com reference collection.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/51_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/51.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 51. Dated in the inscription as of "1920", no mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/51_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/655_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/655.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 655. Vase. Republic era clothes. Dated in the inscription as of "1920", no mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/655_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/989_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/989.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="300" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 989. Narcissus bowl, dated in the inscription to 1920, no mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/989_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1166_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1166.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="188" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 1166. Lidded bowl, dated in the inscription to <I>geng shen</I> year (1920). Red stamped seal mark on the base. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1166_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a> <br> <br> Gotheborg reference collection, 2006</p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1174_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1174.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="188" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 1174. Lidded bowl, dated in the inscription to <I>geng shen</I> year (1920). Red stamped seal mark <I>Qianlong Nian Zhi</I> on the base. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1174_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a> <br> <br> Gotheborg reference collection, 2006</TD> </TR> <!-- 1921 --> <TR><A NAME="1921"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1921</B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/647_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/647.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>647. "1921 Winter month, For Sir <I>Run Mao's</I> pleasure. From your humble friend <I>Chen Guang Di</I> respectfully presented". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/647_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A>. <br> <br> This item is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection by N K Koh, Singapore, 2003.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/981_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/981.jpg" WIDTH="174" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>981. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/981_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A>. <br> <br> Bill Turnbull Coll.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1145_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1145.jpg" WIDTH="208" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A><BR> Painted by: <I>Xu Dasheng</I><BR>Base mark: <I>Xu Zhen Xiang Shi</I> "Xu's Hall of Good Omen"</p> </TD> <TD>1145. Cup. . The poem from right to left <I>yue yue jian xi</I> meaning "Moon Moon See Happiness "or "See happiness every month". First and second column unclear but might contain a date <I>xin you </I>(1921) year. <I>Dong</I> "winter ..." . Third and fourth columns read <I>Xu Dasheng zuo</I> (made by Xu Dasheng). Red stamped basemark <I>Xu Zhen Xiang Shi</I> "Xu's Hall of Good Omen" <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1145_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. <br> <br> Gotheborg Reference Coll. 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1177_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1177.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="271" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1177. Narcissus Bowl. Red stamped factory mark <I>Wu Yuan Kum Made</I> on the base. Dated in the calligraphy to the year of <I>xin you</I> (1921). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1177_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1922 --> <TR><A NAME="1922"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1922</B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1122_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1122.jpg" WIDTH="118" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1122. Lidded jar. No base mark. Height 12" (30 cm). Dated in the inscription to the <I>ren xu</I> year (1922). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1122_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A>. <br> <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference coll.</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1146_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1146.jpg" WIDTH="240" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1146. Soap box with pierced lid. Length 4.75" (12 cm). Dated in the inscription to the <I>ren xu</I> year (1922). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1146_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. <br> <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference coll. 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1165_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1165.jpg" WIDTH="194" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1165. Lidded bowl with ring handles. Length 4.75" (12 cm). Dated in the inscription to the <I>ren xu</I> year (1922). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1165_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. <br> <br><br>Gotheborg.com reference coll. 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1923 --> <TR><A NAME="1923"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1923</B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1149_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1149.jpg" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1149. Brush pot with "Schcolars graduation decoration" (fish and dragon). No base mark. Height 5" (12.5 cm). Dated in the inscription to the <I>ren hai</I> year (1923). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1149_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference coll. 2006</p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1924 --> <TR><A NAME="1924"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1924</B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1023_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1023.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="220" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1023. Lidded 'Kamcheng' soup bowl. Height with lid 18 cm, diam 19 cm. Underglaze blue mark on the base: <I>Jiangxi Ciye Gongsi</I> (Jiangxi Procelain company). Dated in the decorative inscription to the <I>jia zi</I> year, meaning "1924". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1023_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1123_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1123.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="137" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1123. Large vase. Height 22.5". Iron red mark stamped on the base " ... Zhen Pin" meaning " ... Precious Product". Dated in the inscription to the <I>jia zi</I> year, meaning "1924". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1123_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1172_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1172.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="87" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1172. Ginger jar, with the Chinese cyclical date <I>jia zi</I> in the inscription, meaning 1924. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1172_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR /> Gotheborg Reference Collection 2006</p> </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1192_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1192.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="194" BORDER="0"></A><BR> Artist name: <I>Su Gong(?) Yue</I></p></TD> <TD>1192. Soy sauce ewer, with the Chinese cyclical date <I>jia zi</I> (1924) in the inscription. Stamped base mark <I>Cheng Long Wan Pin</I> "Successful Grand Joyful Product". The mark, <I>Wan Pin</I> literal direct translation is Play Item. Here it should means collector or souvenir item. The artist name is <I>Su Gong(?) Yue</I>. . <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1192_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A><BR /> Gotheborg Reference Collection 2007</p> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1925 --> <TR><A NAME="1925"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1925 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1128_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1128.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="141" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1128. Hat stand or Vase. Red stamped illeglible base mark. Inscription with a cyclic date <I>Yi chou</I> (1925) <I>zhi</I> (year) <I>Dong</I> (winter) <I>yue</I> (month). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1128_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/628_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/628.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 628. Wu Lun Tu ( "Five Relations" motif). Dated in the inscription as <I>Yi Chou Nian</I> i.e. "1925", no mark. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/628_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/990_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/990.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="243" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>990. Bowl dated "1925" in the inscription. Mark: company "<I>yen sen sen</I>". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/990_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. <P>This piece is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection by N K Koh, Singapore, 2004. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1118_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1118.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="250" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1118. Large Kamcheng missing its lid. Height 5 7/8" (15 cm), Width 8 1/4" (21 cm). Six character iron red stamped mark on the base, <I>Jiangxi Yu Yuan Chang Zuo</I> where <I>Jiangxi</I> is the province where most of the Chinese porcelain industry is located, <I>Yu</I> is a name meaning 'gold', <I>Yuan</I> is a name, meaning 'first' or 'primary', <I>Chang</I>, is a name, meaning 'prosperous' and zuo meaning 'workshop'. The base mark which thus could be translated as <I>Jiangxi (province) 'Yu Yuan Chang' (name) Workshop</I> is noticeable a little bit smaller than expected in a way similar to that of the #1112 (1929). Tentative dated in the calligraphy to the <I>yi chou</I> year (1925). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1118_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference collection 2006 </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1168_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1168.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="187" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1168. Small teapot with upright standing handle. Height 4" (10 cm). Four character iron red stamped mark on the base. Dated in the calligraphy to the <I>yi chou</I> year (1925). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1168_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference collection 2006 </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1926 --> <TR><A NAME="1929"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1926 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD colspan="2"><I>The Provincial Kiln Industry School</I> was moved to Jingdezhen and renamed the <I>Jingdezhen Provincial Ceramic School</I>.</TD></TR> <!-- 1928 --> <TR><A NAME="1928"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1928 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><I>Wang Qi</I>, <I>Wang Yeting</I> and six others formed "The Full Moon Society" (<I>Yueyuan Hui</I>), later known as the "Eight Friends of Zhushan".</TD></TR> <!-- 1929 --> <TR><A NAME="1929"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1929 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/704_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/704.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 704. <I>Xin Mei Di Luo / Ji Nian / Ying Gong Zeng / 1929.4 </I> - (To my) lovely sister <I>Di Luo</I> (girl's name) as a memory of <I>Ying Gong</I> (man's name) given 1929.4. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/704_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/828_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/828.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="271" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 828. Bowl. Underglaze blue mark on the base: <I>Jiangxi Ciye Gongsi</I> (Jiangxi Procelain company). Dated in the decorative calligraphy to the year of <I>ji ci</I> (1929). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/828_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <P>This item is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection. <BR> Ex. N K Koh Collection. </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1112_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1112.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="192" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1112. Vase or Hatstand. Four character iron red stamped mark on the base: <I>Yang Yong Xing Fa</I> (same <I>Yong Xing Fa</I> occurs in the inscription) where <I>Yang</I> is a surname probably of the artist, and <I>Yong Xing Fa</I> is the 'company' name. Dated in the calligraphy to the year of <I>ji ci</I> (1929). Inscription: <I>yuan</I> (distant), <I>pu</I> (shore), X, <I>fan</I> ("sails"), X, X, <I>qiu</I> (autumn) <I>shi</I> (time/period) <I>ji si</I> (1929), ?? in margin, <I>yong</I> (eternal), <I>xing</I> (happy), <I>fa</I> (South chinese name for 'company'), <I>xie</I> (written by). <I>Yang</I> was either employed by the <I>Yong Xing Fa</I> Company or the factory owner. Porcelain factory owners were often good porcelain painters in those days. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1112_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference collection. Translation by David Lane and Simon Ng<BR> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1931 --> <TR><A NAME="1931"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1931 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><I>Fuliang County Ceramic Vocational School</I> was established.</TD><TR> <!-- 1933 --> <TR><A NAME="1933"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1933 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/994_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/994.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="149" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 994. Dated in the inscription "1933". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/994_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/999_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/999.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="200" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 999. Brush washer dish, dated in the inscription as the year <I>gui you</I>, meaning "1933". Red base mark of <I>Han qing</I>. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/999_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1000_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1000.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="200" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1000. Brush washer dish, dated in the inscription as the year <I>gui you</I>, meaning "1933". Red base mark of <I>Yi chun</I>. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1000_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1934 --> <TR><A NAME="1934"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1934 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Inauguration of the <I>Jiangxi Pottery Manufacture Authority</I>, with <I>Du Zhongyuan</I> appointed Director-general.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/649_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/649.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>649. Covered tea mug with handle. Red base mark "<I>Min Guo Nian San Nian Zhi</I>" meaning "Chinese Republic twenty three year Make". The 23rd year is 1911+23=1934. Double foot rim. Soft enamels with a metallic sheen. Glossy black calligrahy. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/649_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1935 --> <TR><A NAME="1935"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1935 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/630_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/630.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 630. Dated in the inscription <I>Republic 23rd year March Lin Dong made in Nanchong</I>, Since 1912 was counted as year 1, the 23rd year is 1912-23=1935. Mark: <I>Da Qing Guangxu Nian Zhi</I> - "Guangxu period (1875-1908) made". <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/630_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1936 --> <TR><A NAME="1936"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1936 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/631_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/631.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 631. Dated in the inscription to 1936. Mark: <I>Made in China</I> <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/631_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1937 --> <TR><A NAME="1936"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1937 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1082_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1082.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 1082. Dated in the inscription to the <I>ding chou</I> year, meaning 1937. Base mark is <I>Ping Shan</I>, by <I>Wang Ye Ping</I>, or <I>Wang Ping</I>. Landscape specialist and one of the 'Eight Friends'. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1082_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1940 --> <TR><A NAME="1940"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1940 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/645_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/645.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD> 645. Dated in the inscription to the 29th year of the Republic (1940). "Hong Jun ( Artist name ) self made in Jingzhen ( Zingdezhen )". Base Mark: "<I>Ji Feng</I>" (Artist's second name). <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/645_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1942 --> <TR><A NAME="1942"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1942</B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/650_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/650.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>650. Vase with red figure, painted by one of the <I>Eight Friends of Shushan</I>. Dated 1942 in the inscription. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/650_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/966_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/966.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="172" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>966. Vase. Export porcelain. Dated 1942 in the inscription. Shows signs on having been treated to look old. Documented to have been in the family, at least as early as 1957. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/966_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A>. </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1943 --> <TR><A NAME="1943"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1943</B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <IMG SRC="bild/1050.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="199" BORDER="0"></A> </TD> <TD>1050. Brushholder with figure. Mark <I>Jiangxi Zhen Pin</I> meaning "Jiangxi Precious Product". Dated 1943 in numericals, in the inscription. </TD> </TR> <!-- 1945 --> <TR><A NAME="1945"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1945 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><I>The Jiujiang Provincial Ceramic Vocational School</I> merged with the <I>County Ceramic Vocational School</I> under the name of the <I>Provincial Ceramic Institute</I>.</TD></TR> <!-- 1947 --> <TR><A NAME="1947"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1947 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/646_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/646.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></TD> <TD> 646. Dated "Spring 1947, <I>Liu Ke Rui</I> painted at <I>Zhu Shan</I>". (<I>Zhu Shan</I> or Pearl Hill is the area of the former Imperial porcelain factory in Jingdezhen.) <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/646_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <P>This item is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection. <BR> Ex. N K Koh Collection. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/657_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/657.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 657. Dish. Double foot rim. Redish border over black decoration. Multi colored and freely blended enamels. No base mark. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/657_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/991_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/991.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="250" BORDER="0"></TD> <TD> 991. Bowl, Hand written iron red base mark: <I>Jiangxi Ciye Gongsi</I> meaning "Jiangxi Procelain company". Diameter 12 cm. Dated in the inscription to the 36th year of the Chinese republic (1912+35), meaning 1947. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/991_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <P>This item is donated to the gotheborg.com reference collection by N K Koh, Singapore, 2004. </p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1169_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1169.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="193" BORDER="0"></TD> <TD> 1169. Square brush pot. Hand written iron red base mark: <I>Da Qing Qianlong Nian Zhi</I> "Great Qing dynasty, Qianlong Period Make". Height 6 inches / 15.5 cm. <BR /> The inscription reads <I>qiu</I> (autumn) <I>shen</I> (deep) <I>cui</I> (blue green/kingfisher) <I>niao</I> (bird) <I>xia</I> (descends) <I>xun</I> (seeking) <I>hua</I> (flowers); (<I>xunhua</I> also means 'seeking sex') <BR /> <I>minguo</I> (Peples Republic) 36 <I>nian</I> (year) <I>yu</I> (at) <I>Zhushan</I>; Year corresponding to 1947.<BR /> The painted red seal is meant to read <I>shangpin</I> (superior object). <BR /> The other panel repeats the latter: made in 1947 at Zhushan. The entire poem could be translated:<BR /> <I>The blue green Kingfisher descends <BR /> in his search for flowers in the late autumn </I> <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1169_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</A> <br><br><br>Gotheborg.com reference collection, 2006. </p> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <!-- Peoples Republic --> <P><A NAME="peoplesrepublic"></A> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">Early Peoples Republic (1949-65)</TH> </TR> <!-- 1949 --> <TR><A NAME="1949"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1949 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"><I>Jingdezhen Research Society of the Art of Ceramics</I> is established. The setting up of the <I>Jianguo Porcelain Company</I>, a state owned localized business in Jingdezhen, began in August and went into operation in 1950.</TD></TR> <!-- 1950 --> <TR><A NAME="1950"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1950 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"> <I>Jingdezhen Porcelain Company</I> was established in May 1950 and later renamed <I>Jiangxi Ceramic Industry Company</I>. During the period 1950-1955, in accordance with the socialist reform, Jingdezhen had its 9373 potters and craftsmen grouped into 16 ceramic production cooperatives, 13 painted porcelain cooperatives and 7 painted porcelain groups.</TD><TR> <!-- 1952 --> <TR><A NAME="1952"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1952 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"> <I>Establishment of the Jingdezhen Jianguo Porcelain Factory, Jingdezhen's first state-run enterprise.</TD><TR> <!-- 1953 --> <TR><A NAME="1953"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1953 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">The Ministry of Culture approved the setting up of the Jingdezhen Ceramic Museum, which had its grand opening on 1 January 1954.</TD><TR> <!-- 1954 --> <TR><A NAME="1954"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1954 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">1 January 1954, grand opening of the <I>Jingdezhen Ceramic Museum</I>. The <I>Jingdezhen Laboratorial Research Institute of Ceramics</I> was set up in August, and later renamed the <I>Ceramic Institute of Scientific-industrial Research</I> under the Ministry of Light Industries.</TD><TR> <!-- 1955 --> <TR><A NAME="1955"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1955 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">First coal-fuelled reduction down-draught kiln and first slip-casting machine, both placed in Factory No. 9. Such advancement in technique was regarded as significant for production. </TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1138_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1138.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="233" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1138. Wash basin, dated 1955. Decorated in underglaze green. One option <I>Liling</I> kiln, Henan province. Another suggestion <I>Cizhou White Ware</I>. The inscription says <I>Bao Wei Guo Jia</I> - "Defend the Country, possibly war with Russia at the border in 1955" <I>Shi Jie Hu He</I> - "Peace To The World". Diameter 29 cm. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/1138_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1956 --> <TR><A NAME="1956"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1956 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">In 1956, the state-run <I>Jingxing Ceramic Factory</I> was founded on the model of the <I>Jianhua Ceramic Factory</I> of joint state-private ownership. The <I>Jingdezhen Ceramic Factory of Sculptures</I> was founded by merging the <I>Jingdezhen Art Society</I> with the <I>Sculpture Society</I> and the <I>Experimental Ceramic Factory</I>. Establishment of the <I>Jiangxi Ceramic Corporation</I> on 16 February.</TD></TR> <!-- 1958 --> <TR><A NAME="1958"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1958 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">In 1958, the <I>Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute</I> is establishment, the only tertiary institution specializing in the education and studies of the art of ceramics in China. Setting up of the state-run <I>Yishu Ceramic Factory</I> to manufacture famille-rose wares and antique-type wares. Setting up of the state-run <I>Hongxing Ceramic Factory</I> to manufacture everyday wares of new designs. Setting up of the state-run <I>Hongqi Ceramic Factory</I> to manufacture wares of underglaze designs. Setting up of the state-run <I>Yuzhou Ceramic Factory</I> to manufacture everyday wares of dinner services. The building project of the state-run <I>Refined Art Ceramic Factory</I> commenced. Production started in 1965. It was renamed the <I>Weimin Ceramic Factory</I> in 1966 and produced everyday wares as well as art-and-craft ceramics. </TD></TR> <!-- 1959 --> <TR><A NAME="1959"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1959 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Setting up of the state-run <I>Dongfeng Ceramic Factory</I> to manufacture everyday wares.</TD></TR> <!-- 1961 --> <TR><A NAME="1961"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1961 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD colspan="2">In 1961 the state-run Hongqi Ceramic Factory is split into two units. One retained the original name, the other was named <I>Guangming Ceramic Factory</I> and specialized in manufacturing blue and white wares with glazed perforations.</TD></TR> <!-- 1962 --> <TR><A NAME="1962"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1962 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/570_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/570.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>570. <I>Diao Yu Tai Guo Bin Guan </I> and <I>Tao Ci Yan Jiu Suo</I>. "Diao Yu Tai" is where all the foreign important people are treated and met. <I>Guo Bin Guan</I> means "State Guests Lodge" and <I>Tao Ci Yan Jiu Suo</I> means "Ceramics Research Institute". Dated 1962. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/570_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1964 --> <TR><A NAME="1964"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1964 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">In 1964 the <I>Hongxing Ceramic Factory</I> introduced the double-blade jollying machine. Tested and certified by the Ministry of Light Industries and the Department of Light Industries, it was recommended for use nationwide.</TD></TR> <!-- 1965 --> <TR><A NAME="1965"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1965 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">In 1965 the state-run <I>Xinhua Ceramic Factory</I> is set up to manufacture ethnic wares of the minorities. Successes in the construction and trial firing of the tunnel-kiln. The kiln had the advantages of continuous production, shortening the cycle of operation, multiplying the output, raising the quality and reducing the use of fuel. </TD></TR> </TABLE> <!-- Cultural Revolution --> <P><A NAME="culturalrevolution"></A> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">The Cultural Revolution (1966-76) period</TD> </TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">As a result of the Cultural Revolution, 7 ceramic factories and research units were curtailed, 4 mines of porcelain clay were blocked, 2928 technicians were forced to work in other fields and 13 ceramics factories had to diversify their production to include other goods. Compared to 1960, the number of workers reduced by 40%. The revolution gave a blow to the industry.</TD></TR> <!-- 1966 --> <TR><A NAME="1966"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1966 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/665_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/665.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 665. Straight sided vase. Transfer printed decoration on a crackled porcelain body. Date in the text; 5th August 1966. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/665_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p></TD> </TR> <!-- 1967 --> <TR><A NAME="1967"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1967 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/651_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/651.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>651. Blue and white decorated chop stick dryer. Dated in western style to 1965. <P class="small"> <A HREF="bild/651_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A> </p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1968 --> <TR><A NAME="1968"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1968 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/567_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/567.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>567. Tian'anmen Rostrum. Vase made in "Jingdezhen" to celebrate the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Decorated with <I>Tian-An-Men Square</I> and <I>Hua Biao</I> surrounded by sunflowers. Text on balloons with ribbons are "Long Live Chairman Mao", "Long Live the Communist Party" and <I>Mao-Zhu-Xi-Wan-Sui</I> "Chairman Mao's revolutionary route have success and live long life". Date in the text; 1968. This vase is the next largest in a set of four, height 24-36 cm. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/567_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/1100_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/1100.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="236" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 1100. Straight sided vase / brush pot. Transfer printed decoration on a crackled ivory porcelainous body. The date "1968 Year" is on the base. The printed inscription is dated; November 17, 1957. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1100_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1969 --> <TR><A NAME="1969"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1969 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"> Xinping Ceramic Factory was renamed the State-run Renmin Ceramic Factory and manufactured traditional blue and white wares.</TD></TR> <!-- 1971 --> <TR><A NAME="1971"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1971 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/827_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/827.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="199" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>827. Brush pot. Text reading: "How beautiful is the landscape (country/nation), 1971, autum month" <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/827_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1973 --> <TR><A NAME="1973"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1973 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="300"><A HREF="bild/666_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="bild/666.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD> 666. Straight sided small vase or brush pot. Transfer printed decoration on a glossy white porcelain body. On the base "In memory of Manufacturing Company's Revolution Committee, October 1967". The front side motif is duplicating a propaganda poster; text: <I>Chairman Mao and his close comrade-in-arms Comrade Lin Biao reviewing the Great Army of the Cultural Revolution, Long Live Chairman Mao.</I> Lin is seen holding "Mao's Little Red Book" to which he was the initiator. Lin was a famous comrade to Mao who in 1969 was named Mao's successor until he in 1971 was accused of having planned an armed coup against Mao upon which Lin fled in a plane that crashed over Mongolia. In August 1973, two years later, a huge <I>Criticize Lin Baio and Confucius</I> campaign was initiated by <I>Jiang Qing</I>, Mao's wife, which continued until 1975. The passage printed on the back of this brush pot comes from the 2 September 1973 issue of the <I>People's Daily</I> (name and date within brackets). The text is a parable of sorts on the subject of class education along the lines of "don't try to be something that you are not". Given the close dates, this pot may have been part of the campaign. Tentative date 1973. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/666_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE"> Click here to see large picture</a></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1975 --> <TR><A NAME="1976"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1975 </B></TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1124_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1124.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="94" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1124. Miniature eggshell porcelain vase with transfer printed decoration. No base mark. Height c. 4 inch (10 cm). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1124_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1198_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1198.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="196" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1198. Large dish on crackled soft ceramic ware. Polychrome enamel decoration applied under the glaze. Dated in the inscription to the <I>yi mao</I> year (1975). Printed mark on the base <I>Zhongguo Taoci</I> or "China Ceramics". Origin; made in Taiwan. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1198_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <!-- 1976 --> <!-- Post Cultural Revolution --> <P><A NAME="postculturalrevolution"></A> <TABLE> <TR><TH COLSPAN="2">Post Cultural Revolution / State Capitalism</TH></TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1976 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"> After the nightmare of the Cultural Revolution years came a phase that is too recent to have got any recognized name, time will tell what this will be called. Post Cultural Revolution is one possibility that is of course correct but more important for the artistic development was the careful and step by step establishing of state supported private corporations. It was obvious that this followed a plan where the huge Chinese continent was gradually opened up to the rest of the world while catiously being monitored by suspicious Red Guard officials. Travel permits was however granted and trips organized for interested westerners. Hotels with English speaking staff, was built (guest houses), railroads was upgraded, bridges and airports supplying a basic infrastructure targeted at facilitating trade was built. The porcelain production that sorted under the Ministry of Light Industry was also opened up to foreign investors or at least modern ceramic ovens and some basic machines was introduced in Jingdezhen. Plaster replaced pottery for moulds which gave better precision and faster production and slip casting that had been in use since I belive the 1950s, was gaining speed-. One of the more important uses for this was besides handles and spouts for tea and coffee wares, was in particular the popular eggshell wares based on the Japanese pre-war success, mostly intended for the souvenir trade. </TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/791_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/791.jpg" HEIGHT="100" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>567. Porcelain figure of <I>Qu Yuan</I>, always seen carrying a long sword, and the face expression shows his grief and concern for his state and people. Slip cast. Incised date in the wet porcelain paste before firing 11.24.76 (24 November 1976). <P>Qu Yuan was both a statesman and China's first known poet. During his lifetime, he served as Minister of Law and Ordinance for his home state of Chu in southern China. Unfortunately, Qu Yuan lived during the Warring States period (481 - 221 B.C.), when larger, more powerful states were trying to consolidate their power. One of these states, Qin in the north, was determined to control the state of Chu. Qin leaders gave the King of Chu a peace treaty to sign, which they had no intention of honoring. Suspicious of their motives, Qu Yuan advised the king not to sign the treaty. Unfortunately, the king was threatened by Qu Yuan's stature, believing the poet was trying to gain greater political power in the government. Not only did he sign the treaty, but he banished Qu Yuan to a remote region in Hunan province. Eventually, Chu was defeated by the stronger Qin state. <P>It is thought that the news of Chu's defeat destroyed Qu Yuan's will to live. As a result, on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in 278 B.C., he committed suicide by grasping a large rock and throwing himself into the Miluo River. <P>Local fisherman raced to their boats to recover his body, beating drums and splashing their paddles on the water to scare away the fish. But it was all to no avail. In one version of the legend, they began throwing rice on the water as a sacrifice to their dead hero, and to nourish his spirit. One night, the image of Qu Yuan appeared to one of the fisherman in a dream. In the dream, the poet revealed that the fish were eating the rice. He asked that the rice be wrapped in silk to protect it. Later, the silk was replaced with bamboo leaves. <P>In another version, the rice packets were meant for the fish, in an effort to keep them from devouring Qu Yuan's body. But whichever version you choose to believe, the death of Qu Yuan gave rise to both the dragon boat races and celebrating the day with zongzi - delicious dumplings made with glutinous rice that are stuffed in bamboo leaves. <P>"Many a heavy sigh I heaved in my despair, Grieving that I was born in such an unlucky time...I yoked a team of jade dragons to a phoenix-figured car, And waited for the wind to come, to soar up on my journey." (Qu Yuan). <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/791_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <!-- 1978 --> <TR><A NAME="1978"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1978 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Founding of the <I>"July-21" University of the Jiangxi Ceramic Corporation</I>, which was renamed the <I>Jingdezhen Ceramic Staff and Workers' University</I>.</TD></TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1200_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1200.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="148" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1200. Vase on crackled soft ceramic ware. Polychrome enamel decoration applied on top of the glaze. Dated in the inscription to the <I>wu wu</I> year (1978). Printed blue mark under the glaze, on the base <I>Zhongguo Taoci</I> or "China Ceramics". Origin; made in Taiwan. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1200_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="bild/1201_fullsize.jpg"> <IMG SRC="bild/1201.jpg" HEIGHT="100" WIDTH="155" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD>1201. Vase on crackled soft ceramic ware. Polychrome enamel decoration applied on top of the glaze. Dated in the inscription to the <I>wu wu</I> year (1978). Printed blue mark under the glaze, on the base <I>Zhongguo Taoci</I> or "China Ceramics". Origin; made in Taiwan. <P class="small"><A HREF="bild/1201_fullsize.jpg"><IMG SRC="../graphics/magnfglass.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="19" BORDER="0" ALIGN="MIDDLE">Click here to see large picture</A></p> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <!-- Late 20th century --> <p><A NAME="21stcentury"></A> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">Late 20th century</TH> </TR> <!-- 1979 --> <TR><A NAME="1979"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1979 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Blue and white dinner sets with Chinese willow pattern made by the <I>Renmin Ceramic Factory</I> was awarded the National Gold Prize. Setting up of the <I>Jiangxi Ceramic School</I> by merging the <I>Ceramic Profession, Jiangxi Handicraft Technical School</I> with the <I>Jingdezhen Ceramic Art and Technique Training School</I>. Subsequently it was renamed the <I>Jiangxi Technical Institute of Ceramic Arts and Crafts</I>.</TD></TR> <!-- 1980 --> <TR><A NAME="1980"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1980 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"> "Fu shou" brand famille-rose ware of the <I>Yishu Ceramic Factory</I> was awarded the National Gold Quality Prize.</TD></TR> <!-- 1981 --> <TR><A NAME="1981"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1981 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">"Wan yu" brand blue and white ware with glazed perforations of the <I>Guangming Ceramic Factory</I> was awarded the National Gold Quality Prize. </TD></TR> <!-- 1982 --> <TR><A NAME="1982"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1982 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Establishment of the <I>Jingdezhen Ceramic Design and Technical Institute</I>. The State Council announced on 26 February that Jingdezhen is one of the 24 "Historical and Cultural Cities of China".</TD></TR> <!-- 1984 --> <TR><A NAME="1984"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1984 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Blue and white dinner services with Chinese willow pattern design, in a set of 54-piece, made by the <I>Renmin Ceramic Factory</I> won 3 international gold prizes. "Wan yu" brand blue and white ware with glazed perforations of the <I>Guangming Ceramic Factory</I> was awarded again the National Gold Quality Prize.</TD></TR> <!-- 1985 --> <TR><A NAME="1985"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1985 </B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Completion of the <I>Jingdezhen Huafeng Ceramic Factory</I>, capable of producing 16 million pieces of everyday wares annually. Establishment of the <I>Jiangxi Institute of Ceramics</I>.</TD></TR> <!-- 1986--> <TR><A NAME="1986"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1986</B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">"Wan yu" brand blue and white dinner services with glaze perforations, in a set of 45-piece, made by the <I>Guangming Ceramic Factory</I> won the Gold Prize at the Exposition in Leipzig, Germany. The operation of the Jingdezhen Coking Gas Plant supplied the ceramic industry with a fuel that greatly improved the quality and quantity of the output while the pollution of the city became less a problem.</TD></TR> <!-- 1992 --> <TR><A NAME="1992"></A> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN="2"> <B> 1992</B></TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2">Establishment of the <I>Jingdezhen Institute of Ceramics</I>.</TD></TR> <TR><TD COLSPAN="2"> Around 1995 the porcelain production changes direction due to the fact that modern industrial processes, computers and thorough research to a noticeable extent becomes utilized in the porcelain production. A new era, until further called the 21st century, could because of that be said to have begun already in the mid 1990's. </TD></TR> </TABLE> <!-- RECENT ADDITIONS --> <P><A NAME="recent"></A> <TABLE> <TR> <TH COLSPAN="2">RECENT ADDITIONS</TH> </TR> <!-- END RECENT ADDITIONS --> </TABLE> <P> <FONT SIZE="1" FACE="Verdana, Ariel, Helvetica"> <P>Pictures and pieces making up this section are from my personal reference collection and are not for sale. Pieces have also been donated by Simon Ng, City University of Hong Kong, N K Koh, Singapore, Hans Mueller, USA. Hans Slager, Belgium, William Turnbull, Canada and Tony Jalin Zhang, Beijing. Readers are encouraged to contribute any insights or further information you might have. Any and dated Chinese Porcelain for sale can be offered to the gotheborg.com reference collection by e-mail to <A HREF="mailto:je.nilsson@gotheborg.com">Jan-Erik Nilsson</A> <P>Web page &copy; Jan-Erik Nilsson</A>, 2004 - 2010.<BR> </p> </CENTER> </BODY> </HTML>